ホモ・サピエンスの脳サイズ決定因子であるASPMの進行中の適応的進化です

Nitzan Mekel-Bobrov¹, Sandra L Gilbert, Patrick D Evans

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 10, 2005

まとめ

人間の脳の進化は進行中です. 特定の遺伝子変異体,異常な状小頭症関連 (ASPM) は,最近出現し,急速に広がり,最近の陽性選択と継続的な脳の適応を示しています.

科学分野:

人間の進化人類の進化
遺伝学遺伝学とは
神経科学は神経科学である.

背景:

ASPM遺伝子は,脳の大きさの重要な調節因子である.
進化論的研究は,ヒトの系統におけるASPMの強いポジティブな選択を示しています.

研究の目的:

特定のヒトASPM遺伝子変異の進化史を調査する.
最近の人間の脳進化がまだ進行しているかどうかを判断するために.

主な方法:

集団遺伝学の分析
系統遺伝的推論による推論
人種集団におけるASPM遺伝子変異の分析.

主要な成果:

人間特有のASPM変種は,約5800年前のものです.
この変種は,強い陽性選択により,頻度が急速に増加しています.
証拠は,人間の脳の適応的進化が進行していることを示唆しています.

結論:

人間の脳は,急速に進化し続けています.
ASPMにおける最近の遺伝的変化は,進行中の適応を強調しています.
若い,選択された変異体の発見は,人間の脳の進化の洞察を提供します.

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