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細胞酸塩決定システムにおける細胞対細胞の調節された変化
Alejandro Colman-Lerner1, Andrew Gordon, Eduard Serra
1The Molecular Sciences Institute, 2168 Shattuck Avenue, Berkeley, California 94704, USA. colman-lerner@molsci.org
Nature
|September 20, 2005
まとめ
酵母における細胞運命を決定する決定は,細胞から細胞への変動性は,遺伝子発現のノイズだけでなく,信号伝達とタンパク質生産能力から生じていることを示しています. これらの能力は,特定のMAPキナーゼによって調節され,補償的な相関を示します.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- システム生物学 システム生物学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- ユカリオット細胞の運命決定には,複雑なシグナル伝達経路が含まれています.
- 細胞間の多様性を理解することは,生物の強度と多様性を解読する上で極めて重要です.
- イーストのペアリングフェロモン反応経路は,細胞の運命決定を研究するためのモデルシステムとして機能しています.
研究 の 目的:
- イーストのペアリングフェロモン反応経路における細胞対細胞の変動性を定量的に分析する.
- この真核細胞塩基決定システムにおける変動の源を特定し,測定する.
- 経路と表現能力の基礎となる規制メカニズムを調査する.
主な方法:
- 遺伝子的に同一の数千個の酵母細胞を分析した.
- 信号経路出力の細胞間変動の定量測定. 信号経路出力の細胞間変動の定量測定.
- 遺伝子発現ノイズ,経路容量,発現容量からの貢献の解剖.
主要な成果:
- 細胞間の変化は,主に経路容量と発現能力の違いによって引き起こされ,発現ノイズによって引き起こされない.
- 高い発現能力は,より速いタンパク質生産と細胞容量の増加と相関する.
- MAPキナーゼFus3とKss1は,フェロモンレベルに基づいて経路容量変動を差異的に調節する.
- 経路容量と表現能力は負の相関関係があり,補償メカニズムを示している.
結論:
- 細胞応答の精度は,信号伝達とタンパク質合成能力の両方によって影響を受けます.
- 特定のMAPキナーゼは,集団内の細胞特異的反応を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- フェロモン反応の精度を高めるために経路と発現能力の間に補償メカニズムが存在します.
関連する概念動画
01:28pH Regulation in Cells
pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
01:31pH Homeostasis
Acid-base homeostasis is essential for maintaining normal physiological activities in humans. The pH of various body fluids is strictly regulated because it is critical for the optimal activity of enzymes involved in metabolic reactions. Enzymes are basically proteins, so, any significant change in pH can affect their structure and activity. In humans, pH is regulated using three primary mechanisms— chemical buffer systems, respiratory regulation, and renal regulation.
Respiratory Regulation of...
Respiratory Regulation of...
01:25Acid-Base Balance
The human body maintains a narrow pH range regulated through acid-base balance. This balance is crucial as changes in the hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt cell membrane stability, alter protein structures, and change enzyme activities. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, and intracellular fluid averages 7.0.
When the pH of arterial blood rises above 7.45, it results in a condition called alkalosis. Conversely, a drop below 7.35 leads to...
When the pH of arterial blood rises above 7.45, it results in a condition called alkalosis. Conversely, a drop below 7.35 leads to...
01:19Buffer Systems in the Body
Chemical buffers play a critical role in the body's regulation of pH levels. These systems contain one or more compounds that stabilize pH changes by neutralizing strong acids or bases. When pH levels drop, hydrogen ions bind to a weak base; when pH levels rise, hydrogen ions are released. This dynamic process helps maintain pH within a narrow and stable range essential for normal physiological function.
A typical buffer system in bodily fluids includes a weak acid and its corresponding anion,...
A typical buffer system in bodily fluids includes a weak acid and its corresponding anion,...
01:22Phosphate Buffer
The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...
01:29Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance
Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...