喫煙の減少が肺がんのリスクに与える影響
Nina S Godtfredsen1, Eva Prescott, Merete Osler
1The Copenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. duegodt@dadlnet.dk
JAMA
|September 29, 2005
まとめ
日々のタバコの摂取量を50%減らすことで,重喫煙者の肺がんのリスクが著しく低下します. この害の軽減戦略は,完全に禁煙できない喫煙者にとって,実行可能な代替案を提供します.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
背景:
- 多くの喫煙者は,完全に禁煙するのに苦労し,害を減らす戦略が必要になります.
- 日々のタバコの消費量を減らすことは,提案された害を減らす方法である.
- タバコ関連疾患のリスクに対する喫煙の減少の影響は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 喫煙の減少と肺がんの発生率との関連を調査する.
- 喫煙を減らした人の肺がんリスクの減少を定量化するために.
- 異なる喫煙行動における肺がんリスクを比較する.
主な方法:
- コペンハーゲン・センター・フォー・プロスペクティブ・ポピュレーション・スタディのデータを用いて,観察的,人口ベースのコホート研究が行われました.
- 20歳から93歳までの19,714人の参加者 (11,151人の男性,8563人の女性) が,最大31年間追跡調査されました.
- 参加者は,継続的な重度の喫煙者,減量者 (≥50%減量),軽度の喫煙者,禁煙者,元喫煙者,および決して喫煙していないグループに分類されました.
主要な成果:
- フォローアップ期間中に合計864件の発生性肺がんが記録されました.
- 喫煙を少なくとも50% (減量者) 減少させると,継続的な重喫煙者と比較して,肺がんのリスク比 (HR=0.73) が27%低下することが確認された.
- また,軽度の喫煙者 (HR=0.44),禁煙者 (HR=0.50),安定した元喫煙者 (HR=0.17) および決して喫煙していない者 (HR=0.09) についても,リスクの有意な減少が観察されました.
結論:
- 1日15本以上のタバコを吸う人の場合,消費量を50%削減すると,肺がんのリスクが著しく低下します.
- 喫煙を減らすことは,肺がんの予防のための有効な害を減らす戦略です.
- この結果は,禁煙ができないか,やめたくない人の喫煙を減らすことを奨励する公衆衛生のイニシアチブを支持している.
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