地震学:地震のダイナミックな誘発
1US Geological Survey, Suite 2, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA. gomberg@usgs.gov
Nature
|October 7, 2005
まとめ
大きな地震からの地震波は,数キロ離れた小さな地震を引き起こします. この研究は,周波数ではなく,ダイナミック変形の振幅が,距離に関係なく,次の地震を誘発する鍵であることを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 地震学 地震学とは
- 地震の物理学 地震の物理学
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
背景:
- 地震は,小規模な余震を引き起こし,通常は,主要な断層の破裂の近くに発生します.
- 地震波によって引き起こされる地震のメカニズムと距離スケーリングは完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 地震を誘発する距離と大きさの動的変形のスケーリングを分析する.
- 地震波が様々な距離でさらなる地震を誘発する条件を決定する.
主な方法:
- 地震波に関連した動的変形 (ストレスとストレンス) の分析.
- トリガー要件と実験室で誘発された動的弾性非線形行動の比較.
主要な成果:
- ダイナミックな変形は,その振幅がいくつかのマイクロストレインを超えると,どの距離でも地震を引き起こす可能性があります.
- 地震波の周波数は,地震を引き起こす能力に大きな影響を与えない.
- トリガリング要件は,ダイナミックな弾性非線形行動に関する実験室での実験で観察されたものと一致しています.
結論:
- 地震波によって引き起こされる動的変形の振幅は,距離に関係なく地震を誘発する主要な要因です.
- 遠隔地震の誘発を制御する物理学は,ダイナミックな弾性非線形行動の実験室での観測と一致しているようです.
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