瀕死の患者の緩和鎮静療法: "他の方法がうまくいかないと,その方法を使います"
1Program in Medical Ethics and the Division of General Internal Medicine in the Department of Medicine at the University of California San Francisco, USA. bernie@medicine.ucsf.edu
JAMA
|October 13, 2005
まとめ
緩和鎮静は,他の治療法が失敗したとき,死にかけている患者の重度の症状を緩和することができます. この倫理的アプローチには,死を早めることではなく,苦しみを軽減する意図の明確なコミュニケーションと文書化が必要です.
科学分野:
- 緩和医療は,緩和医療として用いられる.
- 医療倫理 医療倫理について
背景:
- 死にかけている患者は,専門的な緩和ケアにもかかわらず,不治の症状を経験することがあります.
- 痛みを和らげるための高用量オピオイドは,ミオクロノスなどの副作用につながる可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 症状管理の最後の手段として,緩和鎮静の役割と倫理的検討を探求する.
- 緩和鎮静療法の正当化における二重効果の原理の重要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- 転移性乳がんの患者が耐火性の症状を経験するケースイラスト.
- 緩和的鎮静のための倫理的枠組み (二重効果の教義) の議論.
- 緩和鎮静療法におけるコミュニケーションと文書化に重点を置く.
主要な成果:
- 双重効果の教義によって導かれる緩和鎮静は,許容可能な介入である可能性があります.
- 死を早めるのではなく,苦しみを和らげる明確な意図が不可欠です.
- 患者/家族の同意とケアチーム間の明確なコミュニケーションが不可欠です.
結論:
- 緩和鎮静療法 (Palliative sedation) は,死にかけている患者の耐火性症状に対する倫理的に正当な選択肢です.
- 高用量鎮静剤/オピオイド投与の背後にある意図を理解し,文書化することが極めて重要です.
- オープンなコミュニケーションは,緩和的鎮静の複雑な医療,倫理,感情的な側面を扱います.
キーワード:
死と安楽死について関連する概念動画
Restorative Care
Restorative care is provided once a patient has been discharged from a healthcare facility and requires additional services. The additional services include home care, rehabilitation programs, and extended care. Restorative care centers help the patient regain their previous level of functioning or acquire a new level of functioning due to the incapacitating effects of a disease or a disability. It aims to assist patients in enhancing their quality of life by encouraging independence,...
Continuing Care
Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
Classification of Illness
The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Ethical Dilemmas II
Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:
Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. This condition can arise from various causes, including rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, or degenerative valve disease. Effective nursing management is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and involves comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed...
Kubler Ross's Stages of Dying
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross significantly advanced psychology's understanding of the process of dying with her influential book, On Death and Dying (1969). She focused on studying terminally ill individuals and outlined five stages commonly experienced when coping with death: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
In denial, individuals reject the reality of their condition, often thinking, "This isn't true; I feel fine," as a way to protect themselves from emotional distress. Anger...
In denial, individuals reject the reality of their condition, often thinking, "This isn't true; I feel fine," as a way to protect themselves from emotional distress. Anger...


