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同性交とバンクーバー島のCryptococcus gattiiの発生の起源について
James A Fraser1, Steven S Giles, Emily C Wenink
1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Nature
|October 14, 2005
まとめ
クリプトコッカス・ガッティ (Cryptococcus gattii) の流行は,同性生殖が,超ウイルス性の真菌クローンを生み出すことが可能であることを明らかにしています. この謎めいた交配戦略は,病原体の新環境への拡大と胞子生産を助けます.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- ミコロジー 菌類学
背景:
- 病原体の進化を理解することは,公衆衛生にとって極めて重要です.
- Cryptococcus gattiiは,真菌性髄膜炎を引き起こし,最近のアウトブレイクが懸念を引き起こしています.
- 多くの微生物病原体の生殖戦略は,未だに十分に理解されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- クリプトコッカス・ガッティ (Cryptococcus gattii) の発生単離体の遺伝子組成と生殖機構を調査する.
- ヴァンクーバー島の疫病発生に起因するハイパーウイルス性の遺伝子型の進化的起源を決定する.
主な方法:
- ヴァンクーバー島の発生から分離されたCryptococcus gattiiの遺伝子型分析と,グローバルな分離と比較.
- 核含有量の分析により,プロイディー型と交尾型の構成を特定する.
- 進化的関係と生殖史を推論するための系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- 疫病の孤立種で,Cryptococcus gattiiの2つの異なる遺伝子型が特定されました.
- パシフィック・ノースウエストに特有のハイパーウイルス性の遺伝子型が優勢で,同性交配 (alpha x alpha) の証拠を示した.
- 毒性の低い孤立種は,オーストラリアの再結合集団とゲノタイプを共有しており,ハイブリッドの起源を示唆しています.
結論:
- Cryptococcus gattiiの謎めいた同性生殖は,新しいハイパーウイルス性の遺伝子タイプを生成することができます.
- この生殖戦略は,病原体の適応と新しい地理的ニッチへの拡大を容易にする.
- この発見は,他の微生物の病原菌の出現と,ユカリオットにおける近親交配の理解に意味を持ちます.
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