関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 14, 2026

12:31
In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
Published on: August 24, 2013
ヒトゲノムのタンパク質をコードする遺伝子に対する自然選択
Carlos D Bustamante1, Adi Fledel-Alon, Scott Williamson
1Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, 101 Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. cdb28@cornell.edu
Nature
|October 21, 2005
まとめ
自然淘汰は,ヒトの分子進化を大きく形作っており,多くの遺伝子は,急速なアミノ酸進化または浄化選択の証拠を示しています. この研究は,異なる生物学的プロセスにおける選択パターンの多様性を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 分子進化は分子進化である.
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 種内のDNA多形性を種間の多様性と比較すると,分子適応と浄化選択を特定するのに役立ちます.
- 種は,弱い負のダーウィンの選択と正のダーウィンの選択によって引き起こされる,異なる程度の分子進化を示します.
研究 の 目的:
- 最近の人間の分子進化に自然選択の影響を調査する.
- ヒトにおけるコード配列ポリモルフィズムパターンと,ヒトとチンパンジーの間の差異を比較する.
主な方法:
- 39人のヒトの11,000以上の遺伝子のコード配列の直接配列化.
- 人間におけるDNAポリモルフィズムと,人間とチンパンジーの種の差異の分析.
主要な成果:
- 最近の人間の分子進化を形作る自然選択の強力な証拠が見つかりました.
- 304のロシ (9.0%) は,アミノ酸の急速な進化を示し,ポジティブな選択を示した.
- 813のロシ (13.5%) は,アミノ酸の差異の欠如を示し,陰性またはバランス選択を示唆した.
結論:
- 選択された遺伝子の分布は,生物学的プロセスと分子機能によって異なります.
- 転写因子は,急速に進化する遺伝子の過剰を示しています.
- 細胞骨格タンパク質は,ヒト内で高ポリモルフィズムを示し,ヒトとチンパンジーとの間の差異は低い.
関連する概念動画
From DNA to Protein
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Multi-species Conserved Sequences
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...

