慢性疾患の予防:何人の命を救えるのか?
Kathleen Strong1, Colin Mathers, Stephen Leeder
1Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion, WHO, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. strongk@who.int
Lancet (London, England)
|November 1, 2005
まとめ
世界的に見ると,心臓病や癌などの慢性疾患は,毎年数百万人の命を奪い,低所得国に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼしています. 慢性疾患による死亡率を年間2%削減すれば,2015年までに3600万人の死亡を防ぐことができる.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 予防医学は,予防的な医療です.
背景:
- 心臓病,脳卒中,がんなどの慢性疾患は,2005年に3500万人の命を奪うと予測されています.
- これらの死亡の大部分 (80%) は,低所得国や中所得国で発生し,その割合は30~69歳の成人の間で高くなります.
- これらの予防可能な病気による死亡率は,高所得国と比較して,低,中所得国において著しく高い.
研究 の 目的:
- 慢性疾患による死亡率を減らすための新たなグローバルな目標を提案する.
- 予防と制御の取り組みを,国際的健康上の懸念に焦点を合わせること.
- 慢性疾患による死亡率の年間2%減少による影響を推定する.
主な方法:
- 2005年と2015年の死因による世界規模の予測を用いて.
- 世界の人口,選ばれた国,世界銀行の所得層のデータを分析する.
- 提案された目標から得られた潜在的な回避された死亡と寿命の年数を計算する.
主要な成果:
- 慢性疾患による死亡率を年間2%減少させれば,2015年までに3600万人の死亡を防ぐことができる.
- この目標を達成すると,2006年から2015年の間に約5億年分の寿命が増加すると予測されています.
- 避けられた死亡と長寿のほとんどは,低所得国や中所得国で予想され,約半数は70歳未満の個人に恩恵を与えています.
結論:
- 慢性疾患による死亡率を毎年2%削減するという世界的な目標の実施は,実現可能であり,効果的です.
- この戦略は,国際保健,特に低所得および中所得国において,実質的な利益をもたらします.
- 提案された目標は,生命を救い,長寿を改善する大きな可能性を秘めた,重大な世界的な健康上の課題に取り組んでいます.
関連する概念動画
Preventive Healthcare Services
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Smoking Cessation
Lifestyle Factors and Health
Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...

