火山噴火が海面と海洋の熱量に及ぼす10年規模の大きな影響
John A Church1, Neil J White, Julie M Arblaster
1CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. John.Church@csiro.au
Nature
|November 4, 2005
まとめ
大規模な火山噴火は,海洋の熱量と世界の海面を急速に低下させる. ピナトゥボ山で示されたこの冷却効果は,海面上昇の測定値と海洋の蒸発速度に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 火山学 火山学とは
背景:
- 海洋熱膨張は,海面上昇の主な要因である.
- 気候モデルでは,海洋の熱含量と海面の観測された10年間の変動を正確に表すのに苦労しています.
- 火山噴火のストラトスフィアのエアロゾールは,大気の冷却を引き起こし,気候パターンを変化させます.
研究 の 目的:
- 大規模な火山の噴火が海洋の熱量と世界の海面に与える影響を調査する.
- ピナトゥボ山噴火が海洋の熱と海面に及ぼす影響を定量化するために.
- 海面上昇傾向の不一致を説明する際に火山噴火の役割を評価する.
主な方法:
- 観測された海洋熱含有量データの分析.
- 気候モデルのシミュレーションを利用する.
- ピナトゥボ山のような火山の噴火前のデータと噴火後のデータを比較する.
主要な成果:
- 大規模な火山の噴火は,海洋の熱量と世界の平均海面を大幅に,急速に減少させます.
- ピナトゥボ山の噴火により,海洋の熱含有量が3×1022 J減少し,海面が約5mm下がったと推定されています.
- 噴火後の蒸発の減少が観察され,陸上降水の変化に匹敵する.
結論:
- 火山の噴火は,海洋の熱含量と海面に大きく影響し,長期的な測定に影響を与えます.
- 火山による冷却現象からの回復は,観測された海面上昇率の変動のかなりの部分を説明する.
- 正確な気候モデリングには,火山噴霧が海洋システムに及ぼす影響も含まれなければならない.
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