変異の蓄積アッセイは,遺伝子発現の急速な進化のための広範な能力を明らかにします
Scott A Rifkin1, David Houle, Junhyong Kim
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, USA.
Nature
|November 11, 2005
まとめ
変異は,新しい遺伝子発現変異を生み出し,生物の多様性を促進する. この研究は,突然変異が豊富な遺伝子発現変化を生成できる一方で,特に発達の過程で,自然な多様性は比較的制約されていることを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
背景:
- 変異は生物多様性の主要な源である.
- 遺伝子発現は,遺伝情報を発達変化に変換するのに極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 遺伝子発現における突然変異による新たな変異の割合を推定する.
- 発達的な文脈が遺伝子発現の進化にどのように影響するかを調査する.
主な方法:
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターの12の線でゲノム全体にわたるトランスクリプトの豊富さを測定する.
- 系統は当初は同一であり,200世代に渡って突然変異が蓄積された.
- 分析は,変異の始まりに焦点を当てた.
主要な成果:
- 統計的に有意な変異変異は,ゲノムの39%で発見されました.
- 遺伝子の多様性は,発達中にアップレギュレーションされたときに減少し,ダウンレギュレーションされたときに増加しました.
- 変異多様性と環境多様性の強い相関は,チャネリングの可能性を示唆しています.
結論:
- 遺伝子発現の進化は,中立モデルを厳格に遵守しない.
- 自発的な突然変異は,実質的な遺伝子発現の多様性を生み出すことができますが,自然な多様性は制約されています.
- 発達背景は,遺伝子発現の進化を形作る上で重要な役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
02:34DNA Microarrays
Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
02:11Reporter Genes
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Commonly used reporter...
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
01:22Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity.
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...