インドにおける慢性疾患の脅威への対応
K Srinath Reddy1, Bela Shah, Cherian Varghese
1Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. ksreddy@ichealth.org
Lancet (London, England)
|November 18, 2005
まとめ
心血管疾患,糖尿病,がんを含む慢性疾患は,インドにおける死亡と障害の主な原因である. これらの非伝染性疾患に対処するには,より多くの資源と協調された多部門間介入が必要である.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 健康政策 保健政策 保健政策
背景:
- インドでは,慢性疾患が現在,全死亡者の半数以上を原因とし,障害の重荷を相当に担っているため,健康面での大きな転換期を遂げています.
- 心血管疾患と糖尿病は特に都市部で多く見られ,タバコ関連のがんは全がん症例の大きな割合を占めています.
- 高血圧と脂質不全の高い割合は,管理が不十分であり,慢性疾患の負担が増大することに寄与しています.
研究 の 目的:
- インドにおける慢性疾患の現在の負担を分析する.
- 主要なリスク要因と非伝染性疾患により最も影響を受ける人口層を特定する.
- 慢性疾患の予防と制御のための既存のおよび計画された介入の評価.
主な方法:
- 慢性疾患に関する国家保健統計と疫学データの分析.
- 既存の公衆衛生プログラムと疾病管理のための立法枠組みのレビュー.
- 健康への移行に影響を与える人口統計的,社会経済的要因の評価.
主要な成果:
- 慢性疾患はインドで発生する死亡の53%と,障害調整寿命の44%を占める.
- タバコの消費量は依然として高く,特に農村部や貧しい地域では高い.
- 国立がん対策プログラムやタバコ規制法などの確立されたプログラムにもかかわらず,心臓血管疾患や糖尿病に対する統合戦略はまだ開発中です.
結論:
- インドは,慢性疾患の負担が急速に増加しており,今後20年間で悪化すると予測されています.
- 強化された資源配分,多部門的政策調整,そして改善された保健システムへの関与は,効果的な慢性疾患の予防と制御に不可欠です.
- 非伝染性疾患の増大する流行を管理するために,緊急で統合された介入が必要である.
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