気候の温暖化が,雪が多く降る地域における水の利用可能性に与える潜在的な影響
T P Barnett1, J C Adam, D P Lettenmaier
1Climate Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. timdotbarnett@ucsd.edu
Nature
|November 18, 2005
まとめ
地球温暖化により,水資源の供給が変化する. 気候モデルでは,雪が早く溶け,雪積もりが減り,河川の流れが冬に転移し,世界人口の6分の1以上が夏と秋に水不足に陥ると予測されています.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 水文学 水文学とは,水文学の学問である.
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- グローバル気候モデルは,温室効果ガスの濃度上昇による近地温暖化を一貫して予測しています.
- 温度上昇は水循環に影響を及ぼし,特に雪や氷の融解による水供給に依存している地域では特にそうである.
研究 の 目的:
- 気候温暖化が水文循環と将来の水資源に及ぼす影響を分析する.
- 雪や氷の融解に依存する地域への影響を強調する.
主な方法:
- 温度動向に関する気候モデル予測の分析.
- 降水パターン (雪と雨) の変化と融雪のタイミングの評価.
- その結果,河川の流れパターンの変化を評価する.
主要な成果:
- 暖かい気温は,雪として降る冬の降雨量が少なくなり,春の雪が早く溶ける.
- 川の流れのピークは,夏/秋から冬/春の初めへと変化しています.
- 十分な貯水能力が不足すると,冬の水漏れで海に重大な損失が生じます.
結論:
- 気候変動によって引き起こされる水文学的変化は,将来の水資源に深刻なリスクをもたらします.
- 世界人口の6分の1以上は,これらの予測された変化のために潜在的な水不足に直面しています.
- 脆弱な地域における水資源管理には,緊急の適応戦略が必要である.
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