超伝播と,個々の変化が病気の発生に与える影響
J O Lloyd-Smith1, S J Schreiber, P E Kopp
1Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 140 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3114, USA. jls@nature.berkeley.edu
Nature
|November 18, 2005
まとめ
感染性の個々の変動は,疾患の広がりに大きく影響し,超伝染の発生が一般的になる. 標的を絞った予防対策は,流行病の管理における全人口の戦略よりも効果的です.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 感染症のダイナミクス
- 数学的モデリング
背景:
- 集団レベルの分析では,しばしば平均値を用いて,感染性の個々の変動を隠している.
- 基本的生殖数R ((0)) は,1例あたりの感染の平均を表しますが,有意な異質性を隠すことができます.
- いくつかの個人が他の多くの人に感染する超伝染現象は観察されていますが,そのドライバーは不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- 感染性の個々の変動が病気の発生に及ぼす影響を分析する.
- 平均ベースのモデルと,感染性の異質性を考慮するモデルを比較する.
- 疾病管理戦略への影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 統合された理論的および統計的分析.
- 直接感染する8つの病気のコンタクトトレーシングデータを活用した.
- 感染性の個々の変動を考慮したモデルを開発した.
主要な成果:
- 個々の感染性の分布は,しばしばR ((0)) のまわりに非常に歪んでいる.
- 変異を考慮するモデルは,より頻繁な絶滅と,より稀な,より爆発的な発生を予測します.
- 個別的な対抗策は,全人口アプローチよりも優れたパフォーマンスを示した.
結論:
- 超伝染は病気の伝染の正常な特徴であり,異常ではない.
- 標的を絞った介入は,効果的なアウトブレイク管理に不可欠です.
- 高い感染性の相関性を特定することは,超伝染イベントの予測と管理に不可欠です.
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