ヒストンH3メチルトランスフェラーゼは,メオティックプロファーゼに必要なエピジェネティックイベントを制御します
Katsuhiko Hayashi1, Kayo Yoshida, Yasuhisa Matsui
1Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Murodo-cho 840, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan.
Nature
|November 18, 2005
まとめ
ミエゾーシス特有のヒストンメチルトランスフェラーゼであるMeisetzは,生殖細胞の発達とマウスの生殖能力に不可欠である. その欠如は,二重鎖断裂修復と染色体ペアリングを妨害し,ミオシスにおける表遺伝子調節の役割を強調する.
科学分野:
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
背景:
- ヒストンの改変は遺伝子発現とクロマチンの構造を調節する.
- メイオシスは性繁殖にとって重要なプロセスであり,遺伝子発現と染色体動態の正確な調節を伴う.
研究 の 目的:
- メイゼッツ (PR/SETドメインと亜鉛指モチーフを含むメイゼッツ誘発因子) のメイゾス進行における機能を調査する.
- ミエゾーシス中のヒストンのメチル化と遺伝子転写におけるMeisetzの触媒活性と調節作用を決定する.
主な方法:
- 生殖細胞におけるMeisetzトランスクリプトの局所化の分析.
- Meisetzのヒストンメチルトランスファーゼ活性 (H3K4トリメチル化) を決定する生化学分析.
- メイセッツ欠乏症のマウスの生成と分析により,ミエオスの進行,生育能力,および関連する分子欠陥を評価する.
主要な成果:
- Meisetzは,H3K4トリメチル化を触媒するメヨシス固有のヒストンメチルトランスフェラーゼであり,早期のメヨシスプロファーゼに不可欠です.
- Meisetz欠乏症のマウスは,二重鎖断裂修復の障害,同類の染色体ペアリング,性体の形成により不妊症を示します.
- Meisetzの欠如は,H3K4トリメチル化が低下し,丸におけるメオティック遺伝子転写が変化する.
結論:
- Meisetzは,H3K4トリメチル化を媒介することによって,哺乳類の半導体分裂に重要な役割を果たしています.
- Meisetzによって調節されるメイオシス特有の表遺伝的イベントは,適切なメイオシス進行と生育のために不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...


