ATPシグナル伝達は,味蕾から味覚神経へのコミュニケーションに不可欠です
Thomas E Finger1, Vicktoria Danilova, Jennell Barrows
1Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora CO 80045, USA.
まとめ
アデノシン5'-トリフォスファート (ATP) は,味覚における重要な神経伝達物質として特定されています. この発見は,味覚受容体細胞が神経とどのように通信し,さまざまな味に対する反応に影響を与えるかを説明しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 感覚生物学 感覚生物学について
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 口腔の味覚受容体細胞は化学物質を検知し,味覚神経に信号を送ります.
- この味覚シグナル伝達経路を媒介する特定の神経伝達物質は,未だに特定されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 味覚受容体細胞と味覚神経の間のコミュニケーションを司る神経伝達物質を特定する.
- 味覚信号伝送の基礎となる分子機構を解明する.
主な方法:
- ネズミのイオノトロピク purinergic受容体 (P2X2とP2X3) の遺伝的ノックアウト.
- 様々な刺激に対する味覚神経の反応の電気生理学的記録.
- ノックアウトマウスでの行動分析で,味覚の認識を評価する.
- ATPの放出量を測定するために味覚受容体のインビトロ刺激.
主要な成果:
- P2X2およびP2X3受容体の除去により,神経における味覚反応は廃止され,触覚,温度,メントールに対する反応は維持された.
- P2Xノックアウトマウスは,甘味料,グルタミン酸,苦味物質に対する行動反応が著しく低下した.
- 味覚受容体の刺激により,ATPの放出が実証されました.
結論:
- アデノシン5'-トリフォスファート (ATP) は,味覚系における主要な神経伝達物質として作用する.
- 純エネルギー受容体経由のATP媒介のシグナル伝達は,味覚にとって極めて重要です.
- この発見は,ATPを味覚と神経系との間のリンクとして確立しています.
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