南アフリカにおける高血圧ガイドラインの費用対効果分析:絶対的なリスクと血圧レベルとの比較
Thomas A Gaziano1, Krisela Steyn, David J Cohen
1Division of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. tgaziano@partners.org
Circulation
|December 7, 2005
まとめ
南アフリカの高血圧治療ガイドラインは,血圧レベルではなく,絶対的な心血管疾患 (CVD) リスクに基づいた場合,より効果的でコストが安い. このリスクベースのアプローチは,開発途上国の資源配分を最適化することができます.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 心臓病学 心臓病学
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
背景:
- 高血圧は,世界の主要な心血管疾患の危険因子です.
- 現在の血圧に基づくガイドラインは,特に開発途上国では,費用が prohibitive かもしれない.
- 絶対心血管疾患 (CVD) リスク評価は,潜在的な代替戦略を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 南アフリカにおける高血圧治療開始戦略の費用対効果を比較する.
- 血圧レベルと絶対的なCVDリスクに基づいてガイドラインを評価する.
- 開発途上国の文脈で最適の高血圧管理を伝えるために.
主な方法:
- マルコフCVDモデルは,南アフリカの成人の仮説的なコホートを10年にわたってシミュレートしました.
- 6つの治療開始戦略を比較した: 2つの血圧の値と4つの絶対CVDリスクの値.
- 評価されたインクリメンタル費用対効果比率 (ICERs) は,品質調整された寿命年当たりで得られた.
主要な成果:
- 絶対CVDリスク>15%に基づく治療は,血圧レベルに基づく戦略よりも効果的でコストが安かった.
- 絶対リスクの値>40%,30%,20%,15%のICERは,それぞれQALYあたり700ドル,1600ドル,4900ドル,および11,000ドルでした.
- 敏感性分析は,戦略ランキングの堅実性を確認した.
結論:
- 高血圧治療のための絶対的なCVDリスクベースのガイドラインは,南アフリカの血圧レベルに基づくガイドラインよりも優れています.
- 定量的なリスクベースのガイドラインの実施は,開発途上国の他の健康上の優先事項に重要なリソースをリダイレクトすることができます.
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