米国における天然ワクチン接種に関連した神経学的有害事象,2002年~2004年
James J Sejvar1, Robert J Labutta, Louisa E Chapman
1Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333, USA. zea3@cdc.gov
JAMA
|December 8, 2005
まとめ
天然のワクチン接種は,神経学的イベント,主に軽度の頭痛を引き起こす可能性があります. 髄膜炎やベル麻痺のような重篤なイベントは稀であり,2002~2004年のキャンペーンで予想される割合で発生しました.
科学分野:
- 神経学 神経学とは
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 神経学的合併症は,天然のワクチン接種後の希少だが重度の有害事象である.
- ワクチンに関連した神経学的イベントに関する懸念は,バイオテロリズムへの準備のため,米国の天然ワクチン接種プログラム (2002-2004) で再び浮上しました.
- これらのリスクを理解することは,公衆衛生イニシアチブにとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 天然のワクチン接種に関連した神経学的イベントの発生率を決定する.
- これらの神経学的イベントの臨床的特徴と結果を記述する.
主な方法:
- ワクチンの有害事象報告システム (VAERS) からの有害事象報告の分析.
- 防衛省と保健福祉省 (2002年-2004年) によってワクチン接種された66万5千人以上の個人から得られたデータを集めた.
- 麻疹ワクチン接種と一時的に関連した神経学的有害事象に焦点を当てます.
主要な成果:
- 214件の神経学的有害事象が報告され,頭痛が最も一般的であった (95例).
- 重篤なイベントには,髄膜炎 (13),脳炎/髄膜炎 (3),ベル麻痺 (11),発作 (8),ギラン・バリ症候群 (3) が含まれていた.
- 最も深刻な事件は,ワクチン接種後12日以内に発生し,特にプライマリワクチン接種を受けた患者で発生しました.
結論:
- 2002~2004年の天然ワクチン接種キャンペーン中に報告された神経学的イベントは,一般的に軽度で自己限定的でした.
- ベースラインの推定値を超える割合で新しい神経症候群は特定されなかった.
- 重篤な神経学的有害事象の発生率は,ワクチン接種後の合併症の予想範囲と一致した.
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