成人ドロソフィラの後部中腸は,多能幹幹細胞によって維持されている
Benjamin Ohlstein1, Allan Spradling
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
Nature
|December 13, 2005
まとめ
研究者らは,成虫のフルーツハエの腸内幹細胞 (ISC) を発見し,安定したハエの腸に関する以前の信念に異議を唱えた. これらのISCは多効能で,脊椎動物の幹細胞に似た腸細胞の補充に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学について
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 脊椎動物と無脊椎動物の消化器系は,発達,細胞,遺伝的な類似性を共有しています.
- ドロソフィラの中腸は腸内細胞と腸内分泌細胞で構成され,ヒト/マウスの腸は幹細胞に頼って継続的に補給されます.
- 以前は,ドロソフィラの腸は,細胞集団が安定していると考えられていましたが,前述の幹細胞は欠けていました.
研究 の 目的:
- 大人のドロソフィラ後部中腸の細胞動態を調査する.
- フライ腸の潜在的な幹細胞を特定し,特徴づけること.
- ハエの腸内幹細胞の機能と特性を脊椎動物の幹細胞と比較する.
主な方法:
- 成人ドロソフィラの遺伝子ラベリングを用いた系統追跡.
- 中腸後部の細胞集団と分化経路の分析.
- 幹細胞の微分化におけるノッチ信号の役割に関する研究.
主要な成果:
- 成人ドロソフィラ後部中腸の腸内幹細胞 (ISC) の独特な集団を発見した.
- ISCが多効能で,中腸内皮質細胞を継続的に補充していることを示した.
- ノッチ・シグナリングは,腸内分泌細胞の産生と,ISCの子細胞の分化に不可欠である.
結論:
- ドロソフィラの腸内幹細胞 (ISC) は,脊椎動物の幹細胞と著しく類似している.
- ISCは,基礎膜と微分化した腸細胞の隣接するユニークなニッチに存在します.
- ドロソフィラのISCの識別は,腸の生物学と疾患を遺伝学的に研究するための強力なモデルを提供します.
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