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バイオメカニクス:グレイハウンドのスプリント速度に力制限はありません

James R Usherwood¹, Alan M Wilson

¹Structure and Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK. jusherwood@rvc.ac.uk

|December 13, 2005

まとめ

狭い曲線で走るグレイハウンドは,足の接触のタイミングが変わらず,四肢の力を65%増加させます. これは,彼らの運動は股関節のトルクに依存し,パワー筋肉を重荷を担う構造から分離することを示唆しています.

科学分野:

バイオメカニクスバイオメカニクス
動物の移動動物の移動
比較生理学比較生理学について

背景:

最大走行速度は,四肢の振動速度と地面接触力の許容によって制限されます.
人間は,足の力を常に維持するために,曲がったターンで足の接触時間を調整します.

研究の目的:

グレイハウンドが狭い曲がり道で走る際の肢体の力をどのように管理するかを調査するために.
グレイハウンドの回転力学と,スプリントの時の人間の生体力学を比較するために.

主な方法:

グレイハウンドの曲がった線路での動きのダイナミクスの分析.
足の接触時間を測定し,四肢の力を推定する.

主要な成果:

グレイハウンドは,狭い曲がり道に入るときに足の接触時間を変更しません.
これは,直線走行と比較して,肢体力を65%増加させる.
肢体の力は,人間のスプリンターとは異なり,ターン中に大幅に増加します.

結論:

グレイハウンドの運動は,主に四肢の衝撃力ではなく,股関節のトルクによって動いているようです.
このメカニズムは,力を生成する筋肉を重荷を負う構造物から機械的に分離し,ヒトのサイクリングに似ています.

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