のない脊椎動物における適応性免疫受容体の多様性と機能
Matthew N Alder1, Igor B Rogozin, Lakshminarayan M Iyer
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
まとめ
のない魚は,抗原認識のために変数のリンパ球受容体 (VLR) を利用し,レウシンに富んだリピートモジュール (LRR) から組み立てられています. これは,のある脊椎動物と対照的に,免疫受容体の多様性のための明確な進化の経路を明らかにします.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 状の脊椎動物は,免疫グロブリン型抗原受容体を使用する.
- のない魚は,ルシンに富んだリピートモジュール (LRR) で構成された異なる変性リンパ球受容体 (VLR) を有する.
研究 の 目的:
- のない魚におけるVLR遺伝子多様化のメカニズムを解明する.
- VLRの構造とレパートリーの多様性を分析する.
- のない脊椎動物とを持つ脊椎動物の抗原認識戦略を比較する.
主な方法:
- LRRモジュールのソマティック遺伝子アセンブリ.
- VLRの構造とレパートリーの計算分析.
- ランプリを炭菌胞子で免疫化する.
主要な成果:
- VLRの多様化は,ランダムに選択されたLRRモジュールの複数段階の組み立てによって起こります.
- 予測されたVLR構造は,超変数の残留物を持つ凸な表面を特徴としています.
- 計算分析では,約10^14個のユニークなVLRのレパートリーを示唆しています.
- Lampreyは,炭菌胞の免疫によって,溶解性,抗原特異のVLRsを生成しました.
結論:
- のない魚は,VLRベースの抗原認識のユニークなモードを示しています.
- 脊椎動物にはリンパ球受容体の2つの異なる進化経路が存在する.
- この研究は,免疫受容体の進化のための多様な戦略を強調しています.
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