終結部と開始部間の終結因子媒介のDNAループは,ミトコンドリアのrRNA合成を駆動する
Miguel Martin1, Jaehyoung Cho, Anthony J Cesare
1Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Cell
|December 27, 2005
まとめ
人間のミトコンドリアの転写終止因子 (mTERF) は,DNAループを形成することによってrDNA転写を刺激し,rRNA合成と高速転写のための機械リサイクルを強化します.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- 人間のミトコンドリアの転写終止因子 (mTERF) は,重鎖rDNA転写の調節に極めて重要です.
- 終結に加えて,転写開始を促進するmTERFの役割は知られていたが,その背後にあるメカニズムは不明であった.
研究 の 目的:
- mTERFがミトコンドリアのrDNA転写を刺激するメカニズムを解明する.
- rDNA転写の調節におけるmTERFのインビトロおよびインビボの役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 人工的なrDNAテンプレートでHeLa細胞ミトコンドリアリン酸塩基反応システムを利用しました.
- mTERFを併用してまたは併用せずに,in vitroトランスクリプションアッセイを行った.
- mTERF結合とrDNAループ形成を in vivoで研究した.
主要な成果:
- さらにmTERFは,rDNAの転写をin vitroで特異的に刺激した.
- 転写刺激には,mTERFがrDNAの終結部と開始部に同時に結合し,DNAループを形成することが必要でした.
- mTERF媒介による二重結合とrDNAループ形成の証拠は,in vivoで観察されました.
結論:
- 人間のミトコンドリアのrRNA合成は,mTERF媒介のrDNAループに依存し,転写機構のリサイクルを促進します.
- このループメカニズムは,ヒトのミトコンドリアに必要なrDNA転写の高速度を促進します.
- mTERFは,DNAループを通して,開始と終了の両方をオーケストラして,重要な調節器として機能します.
関連する概念動画
Telomeres and Telomerase
In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Improving Translational Accuracy
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Termination of Translation
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure. Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
Bacterial Transcription
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:


