幹細胞は,コロニアルアシディアンの自然選択の単位である
Diana J Laird1, Anthony W De Tomaso, Irving L Weissman
1Department of Biological Sciences, Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. diana@stanfordalumni.org
Cell
|December 27, 2005
まとめ
幹細胞系は自然選択の単位であり,Botryllus schlosseri.で示されている. これらの幹細胞は,他の個人を寄生させ,遺伝と進化に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 幹細胞は,発達と再生に不可欠です.
- Botryllus schlosseriのようなコロニアルアシディアは,遺伝的に異なる個体間の血管融合を示しています.
- 融合は,体組織,ゲメット,またはその両方に影響を与える細胞寄生症を引き起こす可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 幹細胞の系統が自然選択の単位であることを示すために.
- 細胞融合後の細胞寄生性の幹細胞の役割を調査する.
- 幹細胞の競争の遺伝的基盤と進化的影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- コロニアルアシディアンボトリルス・シュロッセリをモデルシステムとして利用.
- 遺伝的に異なるコロニーの間の血管融合を誘導し,観察する.
- 寄生性の階層を複製するために細胞移植実験を行う.
- 多能性の自己再生性幹細胞を将来的に隔離し,特徴づけること.
主要な成果:
- 幹細胞の系統が自然選択の単位として機能することを示した.
- ソマティックおよびゲーメティック寄生体の遺伝的階層は,細胞移植によって複製できることを示した.
- 移植後に競合するフェノタイプを保持した幹細胞の集団を隔離した.
- 幹細胞は,体的または生殖系統の運命を左右し,両方ではないことを観察しました.
結論:
- 幹細胞系統は自然選択の正当な単位である.
- ヒストコンパティビリティの遺伝子は,寄生性の幹細胞が相続権を奪うのを防ぐために進化した可能性が高い.
- 発見は,分離された体系と生殖系幹細胞系統またはニッチ依存の分化を示唆しています.
- この研究は,植民地生物における幹細胞の進化的役割についての洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Adult Stem Cells
27.8K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
27.8K
Embryonic Stem Cells
25.8K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
25.8K
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation
6.4K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
6.4K
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells
5.0K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
5.0K
Stem Cell Culture
4.5K
Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
4.5K
Whole Body Regeneration
3.6K
Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
3.6K


