共感神経の反応は,他者の公平感によって調節される
Tania Singer1, Ben Seymour, John P O'Doherty
1Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College of London, London WC1N 3AR, UK. t.singer@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk
Nature
|January 20, 2006
まとめ
学習した好みは脳の共感を形作る. 男性は,フェアなプレーヤーに対する反応とは異なり,不公平なプレーヤーに対する共感が低下し,報酬の活性化と復讐の欲求が増加したことを示した.
科学分野:
- 社会的神経科学とは
- 神経経済学 神経経済学とは
背景:
- 共感のニューラル基盤は,非常に興味深いものです.
- 共感的な脳の反応に対する対人的な感情的つながりの影響は,ほとんど未知のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 学習した好みがどのように神経の共感反応を調節するかを調査する.
- 共感における社会的行動評価の役割を検証する.
主な方法:
- 機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) は,脳の活動を測定するために使用されました.
- 参加者 (男性と女性) は,公平か不公平に行動する連合国との経済ゲームをプレイしました.
- 脳の反応は記録され,参加者は痛みを受ける仲間を観察した.
主要な成果:
- 両性とも,フェアプレーヤーに対して,痛みに関連する脳領域 (前島皮質と前帯状皮質) で共感に関連した活性化を示した.
- 男性は,不公平なプレーヤーが痛みを受けるのを観察するときに,同情に関連した反応が著しく減少したことを示しました.
- 男性におけるこの減少は,報酬に関連する領域の活性化と復讐の欲望の増加と関連していました.
結論:
- 共感的な反応は,学習した好みや社会的行動の評価によって調節されます.
- 男性の共感は,公平性によって形成され,公正な相手に対して共感し,不公平な相手を罰することを好む.
- 発見は,社会的好みや利他的な刑罰の経済モデルと一致しています.
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