火山と気候: クラカトアのシグネチャーが海洋で残っている
P J Gleckler1, T M L Wigley, B D Santer
1Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA. pgleckler@llnl.gov
Nature
|February 10, 2006
まとめ
1883年のクラカトアの噴火は海洋を大幅に冷却し,20世紀の海洋温暖化と海面上昇を減少させました. この火山による冷却効果は,何十年にもわたって持続し,人間による気候変動のいくつかを相殺しました.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 火山学 火山学とは
背景:
- 20世紀の気候変動は,海洋の大幅な温暖化と海面上昇によって特徴付けられています.
- 大規模な火山噴火は,エアロゾルを平流層に注入し,一時的な地球温暖化につながる可能性があります.
- 深海の熱構造に火山の冷却が及ぼす長期的な影響は,十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 1883年のクラカトアウ噴火が海洋温暖化と海面上昇に及ぼす影響を分析するために.
- 火山による海洋冷却の持続性と深さを調査する.
- 火山による冷却が人類による気候変動を相殺する程度を定量化するために.
主な方法:
- 12つの最先端の気候モデルのスイートの分析.
- 1883年のクラカトア噴火の影響を組み込んだシミュレーション.
- 20世紀における海洋熱構造と海面変化の調査.
主要な成果:
- 海洋温暖化と海面上昇は,クラカトアの噴火により20世紀に大幅に減少しました.
- 火山による海面冷却は,より深い海層に浸透した.
- この冷却効果は,これまで考えられていたよりも長く,何十年も続いた.
結論:
- クラカトアの噴火は,海洋の熱構造に大きく長期的な影響を及ぼしました.
- 火山による冷却は,人類による海洋温暖化と海面上昇のかなりの部分を相殺することができます.
- 過去の火山の出来事を理解することは,気候モデル予測の精錬に不可欠です.
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