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関連する概念動画

Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which are...
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating02:48

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Microbial Corrosion01:24

Microbial Corrosion

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...
Biodeterioration01:28

Biodeterioration

Biodeterioration refers to the unwanted alteration of materials caused by microorganisms—especially fungi—which damage both organic substrates (paper, wood, textiles) and inorganic ones (stone, plaster, glass). Unlike abiotic decay, biodeterioration results from biological activity that produces physical disruption and chemical degradation.Physical deterioration occurs as fungal hyphae penetrate pores, cracks, and surface irregularities. Hyphal turgor pressure, thigmotropic growth along...

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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation
07:44

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Published on: March 15, 2017

原子スケールで観測された初期腐食.

F U Renner1, A Stierle, H Dosch

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. renner@esrf.fr

Nature
|February 10, 2006
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,原子スケールのX線 difraktionを用いて合金腐食の初期段階を観察しました. 彼らは驚くべき金で富んだ層の形成を明らかにし,これはナノ孔性の金属のテンプレートを理解するために不可欠です.

さらに関連する動画

Experimental Protocol to Determine the Chloride Threshold Value for Corrosion in Samples Taken from Reinforced Concrete Structures
10:00

Experimental Protocol to Determine the Chloride Threshold Value for Corrosion in Samples Taken from Reinforced Concrete Structures

Published on: August 31, 2017

Imaging Corrosion at the Metal-Paint Interface Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
07:24

Imaging Corrosion at the Metal-Paint Interface Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Published on: May 6, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation
07:44

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Published on: March 15, 2017

Experimental Protocol to Determine the Chloride Threshold Value for Corrosion in Samples Taken from Reinforced Concrete Structures
10:00

Experimental Protocol to Determine the Chloride Threshold Value for Corrosion in Samples Taken from Reinforced Concrete Structures

Published on: August 31, 2017

Imaging Corrosion at the Metal-Paint Interface Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
07:24

Imaging Corrosion at the Metal-Paint Interface Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Published on: May 6, 2019

科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 電気化学 電気化学について
  • 表面科学とは,地表科学である.

背景:

  • 腐食は,世界の経済に大きな損失 (GDPの3%以上) を引き起こします.
  • 合金の電気化学分解は,高度な多孔性の材料を製造するための重要な方法である.
  • 電気腐食中の原子的表面処理を理解することは,材料の性質を制御するために不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 合金電気腐食の初期段階に関する原子規模の洞察を提供するために.
  • 以前に不明な被動化現象の背後にあるメカニズムを解明する.
  • ナノポーラス金属テンプレートにつながる構造形成を理解するために.

主な方法:

  • ピコメータースケールの解像度を持つインシットX線 difraktion (XRD).
  • 分解中の電解質/合金界面の構造と組成を監視する.
  • 硫酸の単結晶合金Cu3Au (111) のモデルを研究する.

主要な成果:

  • 逆 (CBA-) スタッキングシーケンスを持つ2〜3つの単層,金で濃縮された単結晶層の形成が観察されました.
  • 合金パッシブ化に関連した顕微鏡構造の変化を明らかにした.
  • より高いポテンシャルでは,被動化層が露出し,ナノ孔性の金属の成長のテンプレートとして機能する純金島を形成することを実証しました.

結論:

  • この研究は,合金電気腐食と被動化の前例のない原子規模の理解を提供します.
  • 発見は,ステンレス鋼や海洋合金を含む様々な合金に適用できる洞察を提供します.
  • この研究は,テンプレッティング戦略を用いたナノ孔性金属の制御された製造への道を開く.