プロテオロドプシン・ラテラル遺伝子転送は,海洋プランクトン菌とアーカイアとの間で行われます

Niels-Ulrik Frigaard¹, Asuncion Martinez, Tracy J Mincer

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Division of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 48, 15 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Nature

|February 17, 2006

まとめ

新しい研究により,海洋のアーカイアが発見されました.

科学分野:

微生物生態学微生物生態学とは
分子生物学は分子生物学である.
海洋学海洋学海洋学

背景:

バクテリア,アーカイア,ユーカリアを含むプランクトン微生物は,海の光帯に生息しています.
プロテオロドプシン (Proteorhodopsins) は,細菌の光活性化タンパク質で,陽子の転位を通じてエネルギー代謝を助けます.
以前の研究では,プロテオバクテリアのプロテオロドプシン遺伝子を主に文書化しました.

研究の目的:

海洋アーカイアにおけるプロテオロドプシン遺伝子の存在と分布を調査する.
微生物領域間のプロテオロドプシン遺伝子の進化史と移転を調査する.

主な方法:

プランクトンの微生物コミュニティのゲノム解析.
プロテオロドプシン遺伝子の系統遺伝分析.
考古学的プロテオロドプシン (Proteorhodopsins) のゲノム的な文脈を調査する.

主要な成果:

プロテオロドプシン遺伝子は,海洋のフォティックゾーンにあるThermoplasmatales系のアルカイアで特定されました.
証拠は,プランクトン系細菌とアルカイア間のプロテオロドプシンの横行遺伝子転送を示唆しています.
フォティックゾーンのユーリアキオットの約10%がプロテオロドプシン遺伝子を持ち,しばしばリボソームRNA遺伝子の近くにあった.

結論:

プロテオロドプシンが広く分布していることは,光に依存したフィットネスの有意な利点を示しています.
横向の遺伝子転送と光領域の制限は,これらの光タンパク質の適応的重要性を強調しています.
プロテオロドプシン (Proteorhodopsins) は,光に富んだ海洋環境への微生物の適応において重要な役割を果たします.

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