下層平流層の冷却の進化における人為的および自然の影響
V Ramaswamy1, M D Schwarzkopf, W J Randel
1National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA.
まとめ
地球上の低層平流層の冷却は,火山噴火後の2段階で行われました. オゾン層の減少のような人間要因と自然要因の両方が,この冷却傾向に影響を与えた.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 火山学 火山学とは
背景:
- グローバル下層の平流層は,1979年から2003年の間に著しい冷却を経験しました.
- この冷却の傾向は漸進的ではなく,明確な段階的な移行で発生した.
研究 の 目的:
- 下層平流圏における観測された段階的な冷却の背後にある原因を調査する.
- ストラトスフィアの温度変化における人為的要因と自然要因の役割を区別する.
主な方法:
- 1979年から2003年までの観測データの分析.
- 温度変化を割り当てるための気候モデルシミュレーション.
- オゾン層の劣化,温室効果ガス,太陽光照射,火山性エアロゾールの影響の評価.
主要な成果:
- 2つの大きな火山噴火が,2つの顕著な冷却移行に先行した.
- 各冷却段階に続いて,恒温の期間が続きました.
- 気候モデルは,人間による (オゾン層の減少,温室効果ガス) と自然 (火山の噴霧,太陽の変動) の要因が冷却パターンに寄与していることを確認しました.
結論:
- 人為的な要因は,全体的な平流層の冷却の主要な原動力であった.
- 自然の要因,特に火山噴出によるエアロゾールは,冷却傾向のタイミングと進化を調整した.
- 人間の活動と自然現象の相互作用が,平流圏の気候の動態を形作る.
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