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Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
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Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

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In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...
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Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
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進化した恒星からの磁気的にコリマートされたジェット.

Wouter H T Vlemmings1, Philip J Diamond, Hiroshi Imai

  • 1Jodrell Bank Observatory, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, UK. wouter@jb.man.ac.uk

Nature
|March 3, 2006
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

磁場は進化した星からのジェットにコリマートし,惑星の星雲の非対称的な形状を説明すると観察されました. この研究は,磁場が恒星のジェットに及ぼす影響の直接的な証拠を初めて提供している.

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科学分野:

  • 天文学と天体物理学について
  • 恒星の進化について
  • マグネトヒドロダイナミクス

背景:

  • 惑星性星雲はしばしば非対称な形状を示し,これは対称な祖先星によって容易に説明できない現象である.
  • 理論的なモデルは,進化した星からのコリマートジェットがこれらの非対称性を引き起こす可能性があることを示唆しています.
  • 磁場は,これらのジェットがコリマートする主なメカニズムであると仮定されており,活発な銀河の核や原星の流出におけるその役割に似ています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 恒星のジェットとのコリマーションにおける磁場の役割に関する直接的な観測証拠を提供すること.
  • アシンプトティックな巨大分岐星W43A.のプレセッシングジェット内の磁場特性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 水蒸気マザー偏振の測定は,磁場を調査するために使用されました.
  • 観測は,W43A.から噴出するジェットの先端にあるマザー星団に焦点を当てた.
  • 研究では,ジェット内の磁場の方向と強さを分析した.

主要な成果:

  • この研究では,W43A星のジェットの中で,水蒸気マザーの偏振を測定することに成功しました.
  • これらのマスターは,対極のジェット先にある2つのクラスターで発見され,恒星から約1,000天文単位です.
  • データは,有意な磁場が存在し,ジェットがコリマートするように並べられていることを示した.

結論:

  • この発見は,磁場が天体物理ジェットとコリマートすることを示す最初の直接的な観測証拠を提供します.
  • これは,磁場がジェットコリマーションを通じて惑星星雲の形成に重要な役割を果たすという仮説を裏付けている.
  • この研究は,恒星の進化の遅い段階と,進化した恒星からの流出の物理学の理解を前進させる.