気候変動と人間の健康:現在と将来のリスク
Anthony J McMichael1, Rosalie E Woodruff, Simon Hales
1National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia. tony.mcmichael@anu.edu.au
Lancet (London, England)
|March 15, 2006
まとめ
人為的な温室効果ガスの排出は地球の気候を変えており,健康に悪影響を及ぼしています. このレビューは,気候変動が健康に及ぼす影響と将来のリスクに関する証拠を要約し,政策と適応戦略を参考にしています.
科学分野:
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 気候科学 気候科学
背景:
- 科学的なコンセンサスは,人間の活動,主に温室効果ガスの排出が,地球温暖化を変化させていることを確認しています.
- 0.5°Cの最近の地球温暖化は,部分的に人類による排出に起因している.
- 気候変動は,人間の健康に重大な,主に有害なリスクをもたらします.
研究 の 目的:
- 気候の変動と健康結果に影響を与える傾向に関する疫学的証拠を要約する.
- 最近の地球温暖化が健康に及ぼす影響に関する既存の証拠を評価する.
- 気候変動による予測される将来の健康影響の見直しを行う.
主な方法:
- 気候の変動と健康上の結果を結びつける疫学的証拠のレビュー.
- 最近の地球温暖化の健康への影響に関する研究の評価.
- 気候変動による将来の健康への影響に関する公表された推定値のまとめ.
主要な成果:
- 気候変動の変動と傾向は,様々な健康上の結果に影響を及ぼすことが実証されています.
- 限られた証拠は,最近の地球温暖化がすでにいくつかの健康結果に影響を与えていることを示唆しています.
- 将来の予測は,熱ストレス,感染症,社会的,経済的変化による混乱を含む幅広い健康リスクを示しています.
結論:
- 気候変動による健康への悪影響は,疫学的証拠と将来の予測によって支持されています.
- これらの健康リスクの予測は,積極的な気候政策の根拠を強化します.
- これらの影響を理解することは,適応的健康戦略の優先順位付けに不可欠です.
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