北極雲の長波放出率の増加は,中緯度からの汚染と関連しています
Timothy J Garrett1, Chuanfeng Zhao
1Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. tgarrett@met.utah.edu
Nature
|April 7, 2006
まとめ
人為的なエアロゾールは,北極の雲の長波放射性を高め,表面温暖化につながる可能性があります. この研究は,この効果を定量化し,北極の気候感受性に対する潜在的な影響を示しています.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 大気科学 大気科学
- アークティック・リサーチ・アークティック研究
背景:
- 北極の気候は温室効果ガスの影響に非常に敏感で,温暖化は世界の平均の2倍になると予測されています.
- 北半球の気象学と局所的な放射性プロセスは,北極の温度反応に影響を与えます.
- 人為的なエアロゾールは,北極の気候に影響を及ぼし,雲の放射性特性を変化させる可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 北極における雲の排出量と地表温度に対する人為的なエアロゾールの貢献を評価する.
- 特定の雲の条件下でエアロゾールの温暖化効果を定量化するために.
主な方法:
- アラスカ州バローの近くで4年間,地上からエアロゾールと放射線を測定した.
- 巧合的な薄い水雲と汚染事件を分析した.
- 雲の長波放出率の計算された変化と推定された表面温暖化.
主要な成果:
- 人為的なエアロゾールによる高濃度の霧は,薄い水雲が存在すると,雲の長波放出率を高めます.
- この効果により,曇りの天候では,表面温暖化が3.3~5.2 Wm (~-2) (1~1.6°C) と推定される.
- 人為的なエアロゾール,雲の性質,北極の表面温度との直接的な関連が示された.
結論:
- 人為的なエアロゾールは,雲の長波放出率を高めることで,北極の表面温暖化に寄与しています.
- 北極の気候システムにおける複雑なフィードバックメカニズムは,この感受性のさらなる評価を必要とする.
- 研究結果は,北極の気候変動を理解する上で,エアロゾールと雲の相互作用の重要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
What is Climate?
20.5K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
20.5K
Global Climate Change
28.7K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
28.7K
Radiation: Applications
1.7K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
The average...
1.7K
What is Weather?
19.8K
Overview
19.8K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference
599
In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
599
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
4.2K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
4.2K


