関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 15, 2026
11:19
Ploidy Manipulation of Zebrafish Embryos with Heat Shock 2 Treatment
Published on: December 16, 2016
ZW種の母性効果遺伝子による性的対立
Paige M Miller1, Sergey Gavrilets, William R Rice
1Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. pmiller@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 8, 2006
まとめ
ZW種では,子孫の性別に影響を与える母性効果遺伝子が原因で遺伝的対立が生じます. これらの母性効果遺伝子は,アレル固定につながる可能性があり,XYシステムとは異なる方法でZWシステムの進化に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 進化遺伝学の進化遺伝学について
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
背景:
- 女性異性交 (ZW) システムは,男性異性交 (XY) システムでは見られないユニークな遺伝的ダイナミクスを示します.
- 卵内の母産物をコードする性関連遺伝子は,遺伝的衝突のための独特の環境を作り出します.
- この対立は,性特異的なオントゲニー,生理学,遺伝子発現によって簡素化される.
研究 の 目的:
- ZW種における遺伝的対立の進化的影響を調査する.
- ZWシステムにおける性的紛争に母性効果遺伝子がどのように寄与するかを理解する.
- 性に関連した遺伝子の影響下で,ZWとXYシステムの進化軌道を比較する.
主な方法:
- アレル周波数変化の理論的モデリング.
- ZW系とXY系における遺伝子相互作用の比較分析.
- 母性の効果に関連する遺伝子発現パターンの検討.
主要な成果:
- 息子を好み,娘を害するZ-リンクアレルは,固定状態に達すると予測されています.
- また,女児を好み,男児を害するW結合アレルも固定される見込みである.
- ZWシステムにおける単純化された遺伝的相互作用は,この衝突をメオティック・ドライブと区別する.
結論:
- 母性効果遺伝子の選択は,ZWシステムの進化を著しく形作る.
- ZWシステムにおける遺伝的衝突は,XYシステムと比較して,進化的に異なる結果をもたらします.
- 母親の影響は,性別決定システムの多様化において重要な役割を果たしています.
関連する概念動画
01:17Understanding Species and Reproductive Barriers
A species is a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Typically, individuals of the same species appear similar and share common characteristics due to their highly similar genomes. However, not all organisms that look alike are members of the same species. Various mechanisms keep most species discrete. While some mechanisms prevent reproductive behavior and fertilization (pre-zygotic isolation), others prevent the production of fertile offspring after mating has...
01:58X-Inactivation
The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
02:16Genetics of Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
02:50Dosage Compensation
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...