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制裁機関の競争上の優位性
Ozgür Gürerk1, Bernd Irlenbusch, Bettina Rockenbach
1University of Erfurt, Nordhäuser Strasse 63, 99089 Erfurt, Germany.
まとめ
人間社会は,社会秩序を維持する上で課題に直面しています. 実験的な証拠は,制裁を課す機関が,最初の嫌悪にもかかわらず,制裁のない機関を上回り,協力の増大と人口の移住を促すことを示しています.
科学分野:
- 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
- 社会科学 社会科学とは
- ゲーム理論とはゲーム理論です.
背景:
- 人間の協力と社会秩序を理解することは,複雑な学際的な課題です.
- 罰が協力に与える影響に関する既存の研究は,しばしば制度的競争を無視している.
- 制度的競争の中で協力を強化する上で刑罰の役割は,依然として論争の的だ.
研究 の 目的:
- 制裁制度と無制裁制度の間の競争ダイナミクスを実験的に調査する.
- 制裁を課す機関が,制裁のない代替案と競合する際に,出現し,繁栄できるかどうかを判断する.
- 制度的競争が協力と社会秩序に与える影響を分析する.
主な方法:
- 制裁を課した機関と,制裁を課していない機関を比較する実験設計.
- 機関間の人口移動パターンの観察分析.
- 競合する制度的枠組みにおける協力レベルを測定する.
主要な成果:
- 制裁制度は,制度的競争における支配的な選択として浮上した.
- 人口は,制裁のない機関から制裁を受けた機関に移動した.
- 制裁制度内での協力レベルは著しく高まり,一方,制裁のない社会は人口が減った.
結論:
- 制裁を課す機関は,制裁を課さない機関に比べて大きな競争優位性を有しています.
- 競争によって引き起こされる制度的選択は,社会秩序の出現と維持につながる可能性があります.
- 実験的発見は,競争の文脈における罰の有害な影響に関する以前の論争に異議を唱える.
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