エイズに感染した医療従事者. 国家監視の最新情報
M E Chamberland1, L J Conley, T J Bush
1Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA
|December 25, 1991
まとめ
エイズに感染した医療従事者のほとんどは,職場での接触からではなく,非職業的手段によってHIVに感染した. この研究では,この集団における感染経路を理解するために,国のエイズ監視データを分析した.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
背景:
- 既得免疫不全症候群 (AIDS) の流行は,医療施設内のヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 感染に関する懸念を高めている.
- 医療従事者 (HCW) の間でHIV感染の経路を理解することは,効果的な予防戦略を実施し,職場の安全を確保するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国でエイズと診断されたHCWの人口統計学的および疫学的特徴を特徴づける.
- HCW間の職業HIV感染の範囲と役割を評価する.
主な方法:
- 疾病管理センター (CDC) によって収集された全国的なエイズ監視データの分析.
- HIV感染の非職業的危険因子を報告しなかったエイズに罹患したHCWの調査,それらを未確定リスク症例として分類しました.
- 標準化されたプロトコルは,これらの未確定リスク症例を調査するために,保健部門によって使用されました.
主要な成果:
- 1990年6月30日現在,米国では5425人のHCWがエイズと報告されています.
- HCWの3人だけが,文書化された職業上のHIV被曝によりエイズを発症しました.
- エイズ患者のHCWの大多数 (94.4%) は,HIV感染の特定可能な非職業的危険因子を有しており,HCWと非HCWの間で未確定リスクの割合が著しく高かった (5.6%対2.8%).
結論:
- 監視データは,エイズに感染したHCWのHIV感染の主な経路が非職業的であることを示しています.
- 職業的なHIV感染のリスクは低いようで,この集団における非職業的リスク要因の重要性を強調しています.
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