核受容体に依存する胆酸シグナリングは,正常な肝臓再生のために必要です

Wendong Huang¹, Ke Ma, Jun Zhang

¹Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 15, 2006

まとめ

FXR受容体によって調節される胆酸シグナリングは,肝臓の再生に不可欠です. 胆酸の増加は,肝機能の低下をシグナルし,再生を促進し,減少したレベルはそれを阻害します.

科学分野:

肝臓病理学肝臓病理学
分子生物学は分子生物学である.
エンドクリノロジーエンドクリノロジー

背景:

肝臓の質量調節には,未確認のユーモラル信号が含まれています.
胆酸は肝臓の重要な産物であり,濃度が厳しく規制されています.

研究の目的:

肝臓再生における胆酸シグナル伝達の役割を特定する.
肝臓の再生における核胆酸受容体FXRの機能を調査する.

主な方法:

胆酸濃度の変化が肝臓の再生に与える影響を調査した.
FXR受容体がない場合での肝臓の再生を評価した.

主要な成果:

高濃度の胆酸は肝臓の再生を加速する.
胆酸濃度の低下とFXRの欠如は,肝臓の再生を阻害する.
胆酸フクロスの増加によるFXRの活性化は,肝臓の機能能力の低下を示唆する.

結論:

核受容体に依存する胆酸シグナリングは,正常な肝臓再生に不可欠です.
FXRの活性化は,代謝遺伝子を調節し,肝臓の成長を促すことで肝臓のホメオスタシスを促進します.

さらに関連する動画

07:55

The Influence of Liver Resection on Intrahepatic Tumor Growth

Published on: April 9, 2016

10:06

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Published on: September 17, 2019

関連する概念動画

01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...

01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...

01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:

01:30

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...

01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

関連する実験動画