葉酸:公衆衛生上の課題
Monika Eichholzer1, Otmar Tönz, Roland Zimmermann
1Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. eichholz@ifspm.unizh.ch
Lancet (London, England)
|April 25, 2006
まとめ
多くの女性は葉酸サプリメントを摂取しないため,神経管の不全が持続する. いくつかの国の強制的な要塞化は欠陥を大幅に軽減したが,より広範な戦略が必要である.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 栄養科学とは,栄養科学である.
- 予防医学は,予防的な医療です.
背景:
- 公衆衛生キャンペーンは,神経管欠陥 (NTD) を予防するために葉酸のサプリメントを推奨しています.
- 多くの女性はこれらの勧告を遵守しないため,NTDは依然として懸念事項です.
- 遵守率の低さは,教育水準,年齢,計画外妊娠などと関連している.
研究 の 目的:
- NTD率に対する葉酸の補給と強化の有効性を評価する.
- 課題を特定し,葉酸の状態の改善のための代替公衆衛生戦略を提案する.
主な方法:
- 世界的に実施されている公衆衛生キャンペーンと強化政策の見直し.
- 強制的な強化と強制的な強化のない国におけるNTD率の分析.
- 集団の葉酸とホモシステインの状態の評価.
主要な成果:
- 米国,カナダ,チリでの強制的な葉酸強化は,NTD (31-78%) を大幅に減少させた.
- 多くのヨーロッパ諸国では,NTDの減少は見られず,勧告への遵守が低いことを示している.
- 強化されていない国々の一般人口は,しばしば,不十分な毎日の食物葉酸の摂取量を持っています.
結論:
- 強制的な葉酸強化は,NTDの減少と人口の葉酸の状態の改善に効果的です.
- 強制的な強化に対する課題には,証明されていない利点と,健康上のリスクと選択に関する懸念が含まれています.
- 葉酸の状態を改善し,世界的にNTDを予防するために,創造的な公衆衛生アプローチが必要である.
関連する概念動画
01:21Health Literacy
5.4K
Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
5.4K
01:27Levels of Communication II: Organizational, Public, and Group Dynamics
3.0K
Effective communication is the foundation of a good organization. Communication is the lifeblood of an organization that connects the group with messages. In an organization, communication occurs in upward, downward, and horizontal lines. Downward communication travels from the administrative and senior levels to the staff through official channels such as manuals, rules and regulations, and organizational charts. Staff members initiate upward communication, which is addressed to executives and...
3.0K
01:11Purpose of Health Records I
1.8K
The vital purpose of health records is to provide a complete and accurate account of a patient's medical history, including communication, diagnostic and therapeutic orders, care planning, research, and quality review.
Here's a breakdown of how health records serve these purposes:
Here's a breakdown of how health records serve these purposes:
1.8K
01:19Purpose of Health Records II
1.4K
Health records serve various essential purposes in the healthcare system. Here are some key purposes:
1.4K
01:29Concepts of Health and Illness
18.1K
Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
18.1K
01:21Dimensions of Health and Illness
11.1K
The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
11.1K