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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...

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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

オービトフロントアル皮質のニューロンは,経済的な価値をコードする.

Camillo Padoa-Schioppa1, John A Assad

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. camillo@alum.mit.edu

Nature
|April 25, 2006
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

軌道前頭皮質 (OFC) のニューロンは,経済選択の際に主観的な価値をコードする. この脳領域は,感覚的,運動的要因とは無関係に商品の価値を表し,意思決定における重要な役割を示唆しています.

さらに関連する動画

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
12:09

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
12:09

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
  • 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.

背景:

  • 経済的な選択は,主観的な好みに基づく選択肢の中から選択することを意味します.
  • 意思決定における価値表現のニューラル基盤を理解することは極めて重要です.
  • 軌道前頭皮質 (OFC) は,価値に基づく意思決定に関与していますが,その正確な役割については議論されています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 軌道前頭皮質 (OFC) のニューロンが,経済選択の際にどのように価値を表すかを調査する.
  • OFCの活動が,センサーやモーターのパラメータとは無関係に値をコードするかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 価値ベースの選択タスク中に猿の軌道前頭皮質の神経細胞からの電気生理学的記録.
  • 異なる主観的な価値を持つ異なる商品のプレゼンテーション.
  • 提供された商品,選択された商品,およびタスクパラメータに関連したニューロン活動の分析.

主要な成果:

  • 軌道前頭皮質 (OFC) のニューロンは,提供された商品と選択された商品の両方の価値を堅牢にコードします.
  • OFCにおける価値表現は,商品や運動反応の空間的位置から独立しています.
  • この独立性により,OFC機能は,感覚処理や運動処理に関与する他の脳領域と区別される.

結論:

  • 軌道前頭皮質 (OFC) は,経済選択の際にオプションに主観的な価値を与える上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • OFCニューロンは,商品の価値を表すようで,経済的な選択が主に商品間の選択に関する枠組みをサポートしています.
  • これらの発見は,意思決定における価値計算を理解するためのニューラル基盤を提供し,選択の心理的モデルにも影響を及ぼします.