分子ウイルス学:1918年の鳥インフルエンザは鳥インフルエンザの起源だったのか?
Janis Antonovics1, Michael E Hood, Christi Howell Baker
1Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. ja8n@virginia.edu
Nature
|April 28, 2006
まとめ
系統遺伝学的証拠は,1918年のインフルエンザウイルスが直接鳥類の源から発生し,人間に適応したという主張を完全に支持していません. ウイルスの起源と伝播ダイナミクスを明らかにするためにさらなる研究が必要である.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- 1918年のインフルエンザ大流行は,公衆衛生の歴史における重要な出来事であり続けています.
- タウベンバーガー et al. 1918年のインフルエンザウイルスの鳥類起源を提唱し,人間への迅速な適応を示した.
- この仮説は,科学と大衆の議論の両方で牽引力を獲得しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 1918年のインフルエンザウイルスの鳥類起源を支持する系統遺伝的証拠を批判的に評価する.
- パンデミック直前のウイルスの適応に関する広く受け入れられている結論に異議を唱えるため.
主な方法:
- ウイルスの遺伝子配列の系統分析.
- 1918年のインフルエンザウイルスの進化に関する既存のデータのレビューと解釈.
主要な成果:
- 提出された系統遺伝的証拠は,人間に適応した鳥の源の主張を決定的に支持するものではありません.
- 進化の経路の代替解釈は可能である.
結論:
- 1918年のインフルエンザウイルスの鳥類への適応に関する広く普及した結論には,堅固な遺伝学的な支持がない.
- 1918年のパンデミックインフルエンザウイルスの起源と進化の軌道を明確に確認するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
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