GTP依存のダイナミンの回転は,膜分裂の収縮と緊張を意味する
Aurélien Roux1, Katherine Uyhazi, Adam Frost
1Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
Nature
|May 2, 2006
まとめ
ダイナミンは,エンドサイトーシスに関与するGTPaseであり,メカノ酵素として作用します. そのGTPの水解は,単に収縮ではなく,膜分裂に不可欠な歪みと張りを誘導します.
科学分野:
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子モーターは分子モーターです.
背景:
- ダイナミンは,エンドサイトーシスと膜分裂に不可欠なGTPaseである.
- 以前のモデルで提案されたダイナミンは,単純な圧縮装置として機能します.
- 膀形成におけるダイナミンの役割の代替メカニズムは不明のままでした.
研究 の 目的:
- GTPの水解中にダイナミンのリアルタイムの機械的活動を調査する.
- ダイナミン媒介の膜動力学におけるGTP水解の役割を明らかにする.
- 圧縮だけでは膜分裂に十分かどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ダイナミンで覆われた脂質管のリアルタイム観測.
- 効果をモニタリングするために,核酸添加 (GTP,GDP,GTP-gammaS) を行います.
- ローテーションの動きを追跡するために,ビーズをチューブルに固定する.
- 固定管の末端は縦張を測定し,破裂を誘導する.
- キネシン・モーターで生成された脂質チューブルを用いて,核分裂アッセイを行う.
主要な成果:
- GTPの添加により,チューブルの回転と超回転が誘発され,回転の動きを示した.
- 回転はビーズの動きによって確認され,GTPの水解が機械的な作業を駆動することを実証しました.
- 曲げると縦に緊張が生じ,固定すると管が折れる.
- 膜分裂は,縦方向の張力がある場合にのみ発生した.
- ダイナミンの圧縮だけでは,核分裂には不十分でした.
結論:
- ダイナミンは,GTPの水解を機械的な力生成のために利用して,エンドサイトーシスにおけるメカノ酵素として機能します.
- 膜分裂には,ダイナミンの収縮活動とそれに関連する縦張の両方が必要です.
- 追加の要因は,ダイナミンと協力し合って,短い内細胞膀の首に緊張を生じさせ,分裂を促進する可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles
4.4K
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
4.4K
Actin Filament Depolymerization
4.2K
Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
4.2K
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending
3.7K
The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
3.7K
The Contractile Ring
7.5K
Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
7.5K
The Contractile Ring
3.1K
No description available
3.1K
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation
3.4K
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
3.4K


