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Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
Published on: January 7, 2013
死産率:190カ国の推定値を提供している
Cynthia Stanton1, Joy E Lawn, Hafiz Rahman
1The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 9, 2006
まとめ
世界的な死産推定では,2000年に320万人の赤ちゃんが死亡し,報告不足が大きな課題となっている. データ収集の改善は,死産に関する公衆衛生行動において極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- перинатаル流行病学について
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
背景:
- 妊娠最後の12週間の胎児死亡として定義される死産については,限られた世界的なデータが存在します.
- 新生児死亡率のデータは稀で,世界規模で死産率を体系的に推定するデータは存在しない.
- この研究は,2000年の190カ国の死産率と数を推定することを目的とした.
研究 の 目的:
- 様々な情報源から入手可能な死産データを体系的に特定し,評価する.
- 国家の死産率と関連する不確実性を推定するための堅牢なモデルを開発する.
- 2000年における死産の最初の包括的な世界的な推定を提供すること.
主な方法:
- データソースには,生命登録,人口統計と健康調査 (DHS),および公開/未公開の研究が含まれています.
- 避妊カレンダーのデータに関する新しい分析がDHSのデータとして使用されました.
- ランダム効果の回帰モデルは,全国の死産率と不確実性間隔を予測した.
主要な成果:
- 44カ国のデータ (生命体登録),16カ国のデータ (DHS),103カ国のデータ (研究) が含有基準を満たしている.
- 推定される死産率は,高所得国では1000人に5人から,南アジアとサハラ以南のアフリカでは1000人に32人まで,著しく変化した.
- 全世界の推定死産数は320万件 (不確実性の範囲は250万~400万件) であり,おそらく過小評価である.
結論:
- 死産は,特に資源が少ない環境では,重要な世界的な健康問題です.
- 死産の負担が最も高い地域では,利用可能なデータの欠乏が深刻で,報告不足が悪化しています.
- 死産データ収集の改善は,効果的な公衆衛生介入と政策開発に不可欠です.
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