視床下部のmTORシグナリングは,食物の摂取を調節する
Daniela Cota1, Karine Proulx, Kathi A Blake Smith
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Genome Research Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 13, 2006
まとめ
視床下部の哺乳類のラパミシン標的 (mTOR) 経路は,栄養素の可用性を感知することによってエネルギーバランスを調節する. このセルラー燃料センサは,食物摂取と体重に影響を与え,全体的なエネルギーホメオスタシスに影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- メタボリズムは
背景:
- 哺乳類のラパミシン標的 (mTOR) は,細胞の成長と増殖を調節する重要なキナーゼです.
- 細胞のエネルギー状態は細胞のプロセスに影響しますが,中央のエネルギーバランスメカニズムとの統合は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 視床下部の栄養分感知とエネルギーバランス調節におけるmTORシグナル伝達の役割を調査する.
- 栄養素の利用可能性とレプチンなどのホルモンが,下垂体mTOR活性にどのように影響するか判断する.
主な方法:
- ネズミの特定の下垂体領域におけるmTORシグナリングを調べた.
- ニューロペプチドYとプロオピオメラノコルチンのニューロンとのmTORのコロカライゼーションを調査した.
- 中心的に投与されたルシンは,食物の摂取量,体重,および下垂体mTORシグナル伝達に対する効果を測定した.
- レプチンが下垂体mTOR活動に与える影響と,食事行動におけるmTOR抑制との相互作用を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 視床下部のmTOR信号は,ネズミのエネルギー状態に敏感である.
- ルシンの投与は,下垂体mTORシグナル伝達を活性化し,食物の摂取量と体重を減少させた.
- レプチンは海底体内のmTOR活性を増やし,mTORを阻害するとレプチンの食欲抑制効果が鈍くなる.
結論:
- mTORは,下垂体内の細胞燃料センサーとして機能します.
- 視床下部のmTORシグナリングは,栄養素の利用可能性とエネルギー摂取と体重の調節の間の重要なリンクです.
さらに関連する動画
08:04Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
Published on: October 23, 2018
05:28A Semi-Quantitative Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS) assay for studying Rapamycin/mTOR interaction
Published on: August 27, 2019
関連する概念動画
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
01:15Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
01:22PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...