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類人猿は,将来使用するために道具を保存します
Nicholas J Mulcahy1, Josep Call
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 20, 2006
まとめ
ボノボやオランウータンのような類人猿は,後に使うための道具を保存することで,将来の計画を立てることを示しており,この認知能力は人間の進化より前のものであることを示唆しています. 類人猿のこの計画能力は,1400万年前に進化した.
科学分野:
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
- プリマトロジー・プリマトロジー学
- 進化心理学の心理学について
背景:
- 将来の計画を立てることは,生存と適応に不可欠な複雑な認知能力です.
- 将来の計画,特に人間以外の霊長類における進化の起源は,依然として議論の対象である.
研究 の 目的:
- 大猿 (ボノボやオランウータン) の将来の計画能力を調査する.
- 既存の類人猿の種の分岐前に,将来の計画のための先駆者スキルが存在していたかどうかを決定する.
主な方法:
- ボノボとオランウータンが,適切な道具を選び,輸送し,後で使用するために保存する能力をテストしました.
- 実験では,道具の収集と使用の間に1時間と14時間の遅れがあった.
- 工具の選択が装置の直接的な存在に依存しているかどうかを評価する制御実験.
主要な成果:
- ボノボもオランウータンも,ベースラインを大幅に上回るペースで,将来の使用のための道具を成功裏に選択,輸送,保存しました.
- 計画行動は,14時間の遅延を含む,異なる遅延間隔で観察されました.
- 計画する能力は,タスク装置の即座の可視性に左右されていませんでした.
結論:
- 類人猿は,高度な将来の計画能力を持ち,これは人間に特有の特徴であるという考えに異議を唱える.
- この発見は,将来の計画のための認知的前駆者が,1400万年以上前に,大猿の共通の祖先の中で進化したことを示しています.
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