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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration02:35

Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration

Overview
Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration.
Preparation of Ethers by Acid-Catalyzed Addition of Alcohol to Alkenes
The acid-catalyzed addition of alcohol to an alkene involves treating the alkene with an excess of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ether under suitable conditions. The hydrogen will add to the less substituted carbon so that the nucleophile can attack the more substituted...
Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
Protein Modifications in the RER01:26

Protein Modifications in the RER

Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible01:08

Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible

An exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is absorbed, stored, and released.
A special kind of exchange reaction is the oxidation-reduction reaction, or the redox reaction. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one compound to another. The electrons in these reactions commonly come from hydrogen atoms, which consist of an electron and a proton. A molecule gives up a...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

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Chemical Isolation, Quantification, and Separation of Skin Lipids from Reptiles
07:55

Chemical Isolation, Quantification, and Separation of Skin Lipids from Reptiles

Published on: February 7, 2019

経済的な交流の間に,帯状皮質における特異的反応.

Damon Tomlin1, M Amin Kayali, Brooks King-Casas

  • 1Human Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 20, 2006
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,経済ゲーム中に脳の活動を測定することによって,社会的交換を研究しました. 彼らは,協働中に"私"と"私ではない"に関連した,帯状皮質の脳内の明確な反応を発見しました.

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Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue

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Lipid Exchange Assay in Living Cells
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Chemical Isolation, Quantification, and Separation of Skin Lipids from Reptiles
07:55

Chemical Isolation, Quantification, and Separation of Skin Lipids from Reptiles

Published on: February 7, 2019

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue
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Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 社会心理学 社会心理学とは
  • 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.

背景:

  • 社会的交換は,共同成果に対する信用を付与することで,協力を導いて,搾取を防止します.
  • クレジット割り当てのニューラル基盤を理解することは,社会的意思決定を理解するために不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 社会経済的な交換における信用割り当ての基礎となる神経メカニズムを調査する.
  • 協働中に脳が自己とパートナーの貢献をどのように区別するかを特定する.

主な方法:

  • 繰り返し2人の経済交流の作業を行いました.
  • 両方の参加者の脳の活動を記録するために,同時進行の血液動力学測定 (fMRIなど) を利用しました.
  • 共有された結果と社会的パートナーの存在との関係で脳の反応を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • 帯状皮質における特定薬剤特有の神経応答を特定し,自己 ("私") とパートナー ("私ではない") の貢献を区別した.
  • 帯状皮質に沿ったこれらの応答の体系的な空間的パターンを観察した.
  • このパターンは,取引所のメトリック的な側面から独立しており,パートナーなしには存在しないことを実証しました.

結論:

  • 帯状皮質は,社会経済的な交流の間に,自己を他者から区別する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • 神経信用割り当てのメカニズムは,社会的相互作用における協力の規制に不可欠です.
  • これらの社会特有のニューラルコンピューティングには,応答性のあるパートナーの存在が不可欠です.