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人間とチンパンジーの複合種化に関する遺伝的証拠
Nick Patterson1, Daniel J Richter, Sante Gnerre
1Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nature
|May 20, 2006
まとめ
遺伝的分岐時間はゲノムによって異なるため,種化に関する洞察を得ることができます. 人間とチンパンジーの差異は大きな変化を示しており,不完全な系統分類を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 類人猿の種化について
背景:
- 種間の遺伝的分岐時間は,種化プロセスに関する重要なデータを提供します.
- ゲノム全体における分岐時間の変動は,進化史の重要な指標である.
研究 の 目的:
- ゲノム全体の遺伝差異変異の分析のための枠組みを開発する.
- ゲノムデータを用いてヒト-チンパンジー種の発生のタイミングとメカニズムを調査する.
主な方法:
- 約2000万塩基対の並べられた霊長類のDNA配列 (人間,チンパンジー,ゴリラ,その他) の分析.
- ゲノム領域間の遺伝的差異を定量化および解釈するための新しい枠組みの開発.
主要な成果:
- 人間とチンパンジーの遺伝的差異は,平均の84%から147%の範囲で,400万年以上に及ぶ実質的な変動を示しています.
- 人間とチンパンジーの間の種化は,おそらく630万年前より少なく,おそらくもっと最近に起こった.
- X染色体は,その長さのほとんどで,ゲノム最小値に近づく,例外的に若い遺伝的差異を示しています.
結論:
- 観察された遺伝差異のパターンは,ヒトとチンパンジーの祖先の間の遺伝子フロー (不完全な系統分類) に続く初期差異のモデルを支持する.
- この発見は,ヒトとチンパンジーの分岐のタイミングに関する化石に基づく解釈のいくつかに異議を唱えている.
- X染色体のユニークな分岐プロファイルは,複雑な種化ダイナミクスに対する強力な証拠を提供します.
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