義務的な社会的な浮気者から,優れた協力者への進化
Francesca Fiegna1, Yuen-Tsu N Yu, Supriya V Kadam
1Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstrasse 35, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Nature
|May 20, 2006
まとめ
いくつかの細菌は,生存するために他者に依存するようになります. この研究は,一つの細菌が有益な変異によって,依存から独立した社会的協力へとどのように進化したかを示している.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 微生物生態学とは
- 社会進化とは,社会的進化である.
背景:
- 生物が生き残るために他者に依存する強制的な関係は一般的であり,寄生性または相互性である可能性があります.
- 義務的な系統が自律的なライフスタイルに戻ることができるかどうかについては,ほとんど未調査のままです.
- バクテリアのMyxococcus xanthusは,飢餓中に生存するための社会的協力を示し,いくつかのゲノタイプは他者を搾取する.
研究 の 目的:
- 微生物系における強制依存の進化的可能性を調査する.
- 義務的に依存する系統が自律的な生活様式を取り戻すことができるかどうかを判断する.
- 依存から社会的独立への進化の軌道を理解する.
主な方法:
- Myxococcus xanthusの集団における進化的移行を研究した.
- 果実体の発達に欠陥がある遺伝子型を分析した.
- 異なる遺伝子型から成るキメア群の動態を研究した.
- フィットネス上の利点と社会的独立性を与える変異を特定した.
主要な成果:
- M. xanthus.において,強制的な依存から自律的な社会的協力への進化的移行を観察した.
- 大きな効果を持つ単一の突然変異により",浮気者"の遺伝子型が社会的独立を達成することができました.
- この変異は,祖先のゲノタイプによる搾取から優れた適性と免疫を与えました.
- この移行は,強制的な浮気から自律的な社会的支配への道を示した.
結論:
- 強制的依存は必ずしも進化的に終末的状態であるとは限りません.
- 依存性から自主性への進化的移行は,有益な変異によって引き起こされ,可能である.
- 一時的な強制的な浮気は,社会的な協力と支配の新たな状態へのステップストーンとして機能することができます.
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