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アクションポテンシャルはカルシウムを許容し,送信機の放出を誘発しなければなりません
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkekey 94720.
Nature
|March 14, 1991
まとめ
神経伝達物質の放出は,電圧だけでなく,内部カルシウムに依存しています. 内部カルシウムの上昇は,アクションポテンシャルがない場合でも,神経信号伝達のためのカルシウム仮説を支持して,放出を誘発します.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 神経伝達神経伝達
背景:
- 神経伝達物質の放出を説明する2つの仮説があります:カルシウム仮説とカルシウム電圧仮説です.
- カルシウム仮説は,脱極化がチャネルを開放した後,カルシウムイオンが放出を誘発すると仮定しています.
- カルシウム-電圧仮説は,電圧誘発によるタンパク質構成の変化による脱極化が直接,カルシウムの存在で放出を誘発することを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- クラゲの神経筋肉の交差点における神経伝達物質の放出の背後にあるメカニズムを調査する.
- カルシウム仮説とカルシウム電圧仮説を区別する.
主な方法:
- カルシウムの流入は,カルシウムのないリンガー溶液中のコバルトまたはマンガンイオンを使用してブロックされました.
- 内部カルシウム濃度 ([Ca2+]i) は,ケージ化されたカルシウム化合物を用いて上昇した.
- トランスミッターの放出は,クレイフィッシュの神経筋交差点で測定されました.
- Fura-2は,細胞内カルシウムレベルを測定するために使用されました.
主要な成果:
- カルシウムの流入が遮断された場合,高濃度の内部カルシウムだけでは,神経伝達物質の放出を引き起こすのに十分であった.
- これらの条件下では,プレシナプス作用電位は,送信器の放出に影響を与えなかった.
- 結果は,内部カルシウムの値が高いとき,放出を誘発するために脱極化が直接必要とされていないことを示しています.
結論:
- この発見は,神経伝達物質の放出に関するカルシウム仮説を強く支持しています.
- 神経信号伝達機構は,主に細胞内カルシウムダイナミクスによって駆動されます.
- 電圧誘導カルシウムチャネルは,カルシウム依存性放出プロセスを開始する上で重要な役割を果たします.
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