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関連する概念動画

Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...
Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and their...
Continuity Equation01:28

Continuity Equation

The continuity equation asserts that the mass flow rate must remain constant for a steady flow of an incompressible fluid within a confined system. This principle applies to systems where fluid passes through varying cross-sectional areas, such as nozzles, syringes, and pipes.
The mass flow rate is expressed as:
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

水晶の可塑性におけるスケールフリーな断続的な流れ.

Dennis M Dimiduk1, Chris Woodward, Richard Lesar

  • 1Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/MLLM, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA. dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 27, 2006
PubMed
まとめ

科学者は,ニッケル結晶のナノスケールスリップイベントを測定し,地震のような行動を明らかにしました. このスケールフリーフローは,地震と同様に,物質がストレス下でどのように変形するかを説明します.

科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
  • ナノテクノロジー ナノテクノロジー

背景:

  • 結晶材料は,複雑な変位プロセスを通して,ストレス下では不可逆的に変形します.
  • これらのプロセスは,顕微鏡の材料の形状を変更する離散のスリップイベントを伴う.
  • これらの出来事の統計を理解することは,根本的な変形メカニズムを明らかにする鍵です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ストレス下にあるニッケルマイクロクリスタルの離散滑りイベントの大きさを直接決定するために.
  • これらのナノスケールイベントの統計的行動とスケーリング法則を分析するために.
  • 変位結晶をスケールフリー現象の研究のモデルシステムとして確立する.

主な方法:

  • 超精密なナノスケール測定を用いた.
  • ストレスを受けたニッケルマイクロクリスタルを調査した.
  • ディスクリートスリップイベントのサイズとその時間分布の統計を分析しました.

主要な成果:

  • ディスクリートスリップイベントのサイズを直接測定し,ほぼ3桁の大きさをカバーしました.
  • 観測された地震のような衝撃と余震の振る舞いは,イベントの時間分布で観察されました.

さらに関連する動画

Polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate Microfluidic Devices for Cell Migration Studies Under Perpendicular Chemical and Oxygen Gradients
11:23

Polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate Microfluidic Devices for Cell Migration Studies Under Perpendicular Chemical and Oxygen Gradients

Published on: February 23, 2017

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
08:02

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
12:26

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate Microfluidic Devices for Cell Migration Studies Under Perpendicular Chemical and Oxygen Gradients
11:23

Polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate Microfluidic Devices for Cell Migration Studies Under Perpendicular Chemical and Oxygen Gradients

Published on: February 23, 2017

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
08:02

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

  • 事件の数とその大きさ (スケールフリーフロー) の間のパワー・ロー・スケーリングが明らかになった.

    • 結論:

    • 変位した結晶は,地震のようなマクロスコープのシステムに類似したスケールフリーな行動を示します.
    • 顕微鏡の結晶の滑り方は,多数のナノスケール,破壊的なスリップイベントの平均から発生します.
    • ニッケルマイクロクリスタルは,材料科学におけるスケールフリー現象を理解するための貴重なモデルシステムとして機能します.