生物多様性と生態系の安定性について,10年にわたる草原実験
David Tilman1, Peter B Reich, Johannes M H Knops
1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. tilman@umn.edu
Nature
|June 2, 2006
まとめ
植物種の多様性の増加は,生態系の安定性と生産性を高めます. この長期の研究は,生物多様性が,食品やバイオ燃料の生産を含む,信頼性の高い,持続可能な生態系サービスに不可欠であることを示しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- 人間の活動はしばしば生態系を簡素化し,種多様性と生態系機能の関係に関する疑問を提起しています.
- 生態系の生産性に対する生物多様性の影響は確立されているが,生態系の安定性に対する影響は依然として議論の対象となっている.
研究 の 目的:
- 生態系の安定性に対する植物種の多様性の長期的な影響を実験的に検証する.
- 種数の変動が草原環境における生態系生産性の時間的安定にどのように影響するか調査する.
主な方法:
- 10年にわたるフィールド実験で,長年の草原植物種の数を直接制御しました.
- 植物種の豊富さ,生態系の生産性,気候条件の年次変動をモニターする.
- 異なる時間間隔 (2年,5年,10年) で,生態系の年間地上の植物生産の時間的な安定性を測定した.
主要な成果:
- より高い植物種の多様性は,生態系の年間地上の植物生産の時間的な安定性を大幅に高めました.
- 生態系の安定性は,根量 (多年生生物量) と正に相関しており,プロット成熟とともに増加する傾向がありました.
- 個々の種の安定性が低いにもかかわらず,全体的な生態系の安定性は,コヴァリアンスではなく,ポートフォリオと過剰生産性の効果による多様性によって強化されました.
結論:
- 生物多様性は,生態系の時間的な安定性の主要な原動力であり,生態系機能の信頼性を高めます.
- 植物多様性の維持または増加は,家畜の飼料やバイオ燃料などの生態系サービスのより安定的かつ持続可能な提供につながる可能性があります.
- この発見は,多様性-安定性仮説を支持し,生物多様性が回復力のある生態系にとって重要であることを強調しています.
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