人間の腸内微生物群のメタゲノミクス分析
Steven R Gill1, Mihai Pop, Robert T Deboy
1Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. srgill@buffalo.edu
まとめ
何兆もの微生物を含むヒトの腸内微生物群は,私たちの代謝を大幅に強化します. この集団ゲノムは,栄養素を処理し,ビタミンを合成し,化合物を排毒し,私たちをスーパー生物にします.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- メタボリックエンジニアリング
背景:
- 人間の体には,腸内微生物群と呼ばれる微生物の広大なコミュニティが宿っている.
- この微生物コミュニティの集団的ゲノムである微生物群は,ヒトのゲノムをはるかに超える遺伝子数です.
- ヒトの代謝に対する微生物群の機能的貢献を理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の腸内微生物群の遺伝的内容と代謝機能を分析する.
- マイクロバイオームの代謝能力を,既知の微生物ゲノムと比較する.
- 人間と微生物の代謝の間の相乗効果関係を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 糞便サンプルから約7800万塩基対のユニークなDNAをシーケンシングする.
- ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応増幅を用いた2062 16SリボソームDNA配列の分析.
- 特定された遺伝子の代謝機能分析.
主要な成果:
- 人間の微生物群は,グリカン,アミノ酸,キセノバイオティクスの代謝を豊かにしています.
- 特定された主要な経路には,メタノゲネシスとビタミンとイソプレノイドの生合成が含まれています.
- 重要な機能的重複と,微生物群によるヒトの代謝能力の強化が観察されました.
結論:
- 人間は超生物として機能し,代謝は人間と微生物の属性の混合物である.
- 腸内微生物群は,栄養素の処理,解毒,生物合成において重要な役割を果たします.
- 人間の微生物群の代謝シンバイオシスに関するさらなる研究が必要である.
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