イギリス公務員の健康格差:ホワイトホールII研究
M G Marmot1, G D Smith, S Stansfeld
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 8, 1991
まとめ
ホワイトホールIIの研究では,公務員の社会階級が低いことが,より悪い健康状態と,より多くの病気に関連していることがわかりました. これらの健康格差は依然として存在し,社会的および労働環境への対処の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 健康の社会的決定因子
背景:
- ホワイトホール研究 (1967年) は,社会階級と死亡率の強い関連性を特定した.
- 健康に関する社会的不平等は,何十年にもわたって続いている.
研究 の 目的:
- 罹病率における社会的梯子の程度と原因を調査する.
- 公務員の雇用階級間の健康上の差異を調査する.
主な方法:
- 10,314人のイギリス公務員 (35歳~55歳) が参加した.
- 自己管理のアンケートやスクリーニング検査を通じて収集されたデータ.
- 最初のホワイトホール研究から20年以上の追跡調査.
主要な成果:
- 雇用グレードとアンギナ,イシュケミア,慢性肺炎の症状の有病率との間には,逆の関連性が見られた.
- 低い就職グレードは,より悪い自己認識の健康とより多くの症状を報告しました.
- 健康行動 (喫煙,ダイエット,運動),経済的・社会的状況,労働環境 (コントロール,満足度) に関する有意な差異が,各雇用階級にわたって観察されました.
結論:
- 罹病率における社会階級のグラデーションは,依然として著しい.
- これらのグラデーションに寄与する要因には,健康行動,社会経済的地位,幼少期の環境,および心理社会的労働条件が含まれます.
- 推奨事項には,健康的な行動を促進し,社会的環境,仕事のデザイン,所得の不平等に対処することが含まれます.
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