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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
Published on: July 29, 2020
ネパールにおける学前期の子供の死亡率を低減するビタミンAの有効性
K P West1, R P Pokhrel, J Katz
1Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 23, 1991
まとめ
ビタミンAのサプリメント摂取は,発展途上国における学前期の子供の死亡率を30%大幅に低下させる. ネパールでの試験のこの発見は,ビタミンAに関する矛盾する証拠を解決します.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 栄養科学とは,栄養科学である.
- 小児科は小児科です.
背景:
- ビタミンAサプリメントが学前児の死亡率に与える影響に関するコミュニティ試験の矛盾した結果.
- 公衆衛生介入の指針となる明確な証拠の必要性.
研究 の 目的:
- ビタミンAサプリメントの有効性に関する矛盾する証拠を解決し,学前期の子供の死亡率を減らす.
- 代表的な南アジアの人口における子供の生存に対するビタミンAの影響に関する堅実なデータを提供するため.
主な方法:
- ネパール地方の6〜72ヶ月の28,630人の子どもを対象としたランダム化,ダブルマスク,プラセボ制御のコミュニティ試験です.
- 子どもたちは4ヶ月ごとにビタミンA (6万レチノール相当) またはプラセボを投与された.
- ランダム化は行政区レベルで実施された.
主要な成果:
- 12ヶ月後,ビタミンAサプリメントを受けたグループとプラセボグループと比較して,死亡率が30%減少した (相対リスク=0.70;95%CI:0.56-0.88).
- 死亡率の減少は,性別,すべての年齢層 (6-72ヶ月),および年間を通して一貫していました.
- 利益は,腕周長で測定された急性栄養状態とは無関係でした.
結論:
- 定期的なコミュニティベースのビタミンAサプリメントは,開発途上国における幼児死亡率を低減するための非常に効果的な戦略です.
- この研究は,ビタミンAサプリメントプログラムの広範な実施を支持する強力な証拠を提供します.
- 臨床試験の早期中止は,観察された有意な利益によるもので,介入の影響を強調しています.
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